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Okinawan discrimination

Like Okinawan people, those days they were sadly discriminated. I remember that they lived in special area. And they were such nice people. And my mother told me I shouldn’t discriminate them. And so I became good friends with couple of Okinawa-ken girls. And at school, the other students, the Naichi girls—you know what the Naichi is, the Naichi people who came from mainland Japan. You know the Hiroshima, Yamaguchi or the non-Okinawans whose parents came from the main island of Japan—they were called Naichi. And so, because I played with the Okinawan people—they pulled their hair and they wouldn’t play together—every recess, the Okinawan girls were all alone. But, because my mother had taught me—and I like those girls, they were so nice—I really got along well with them. So, I used to play together with them. So they would pull my hair to punish me.

But, discrimination was terrible in those days. And when I interviewed the Okinawan picture brides, they told me how much they had suffered because some people were so cruel to them.


discrimination interpersonal relations Okinawans racism

Date: February 19, 2004

Location: Hawai'i, US

Interviewer: Lisa Itagaki, Krissy Kim

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum.

Interviewee Bio

Barbara Kawakami was born in 1921 in Okkogamura, Kumamoto, Japan, in a feudal farmhouse that had been her family’s home for more than 350 years. She was raised on the Oahu Sugar Plantation in Oahu, Hawai’i, and worked as a dressmaker and homemaker before earning her high school diploma, Bachelor of Science in Textile & Clothing, and Master of Arts in Asian Studies—after the age of 50.

In her senior year, she began to research the clothing that immigrants wore on the plantation for a term paper. Finding there was relatively little academic research in this area, Barbara embarked on a project to document and collect original plantation clothing as well as the stories behind the ingenuity of the makers. Over the course of fifteen years, Barbara recorded more than 250 interviews with aging Issei women and men and their Nisei children. She captured their lives, the struggles of immigration, and conditions working and living on the plantation. Importantly, she documented the stories behind the ingenuity of these Issei women as they slowly adapted their traditions to suit the needs of plantation life. Her knowledge of the Japanese language, having grown up on the plantation, and her extensive background as a noted dressmaker, helped many Issei women feel comfortable about sharing the untold stories of their lives as picture brides. From her extensive research, she published the first book on the topic, Japanese Immigrant Clothing in Hawai‘i 1885-1941 (University of Hawai‘i Press, 1993).

A noted storyteller, author, and historian, Barbara continues to travel to Japan as well as throughout the United States to give lectures regarding plantation life and clothing. She is widely recognized as the foremost authority on Japanese immigrant clothing and has served as a consultant to Hawaii Public Television, Waipahu Cultural Garden Park, Bishop Museum, the Japanese American National Museum, and to the movie production of Picture Bride. (February 19, 2004)

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